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Molecular bases for the effect of exercise on postmenopausal bone health
Mocová, Klára ; Škubica, Patrik (advisor) ; Pikner, Richard (referee)
Hormonal changes caused by menopause, most notably the decline in estradiol levels, lead to rapid bone loss, putting a significant percentage of postmenopausal women at serious risk of developing osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis influences many aspects of women's health and their overall well-being. Regular physical activity is considered one of the essential means to slow the bone loss process and prevent bone fragility. Many molecules play a role in the reaction of bone to mechanical stress during exercise, both those produced directly by bone cells and those expressed by other tissues, such as myokines and cytokines. The molecular connections between the menopausal changes in bone and the skeletal reaction to exercise are not well-known, especially considering variables like different types of exercise or individual levels of osteoporosis risk. Learning more about these links could help us better understand how exactly exercise influences postmenopausal bones. Moreover, it would be beneficial for creating more effective guidelines for osteoporosis prevention through exercise and developing better prevention and treatment approaches for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Keywords: menopause, bone metabolism, physical activity, exercise, postmenopausal osteoporosis
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The effect of a weight loss on bone and energy metabolism in premenopausal women with obesity
Malinová, Pavlína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Current findings show that obesity may not only have a protective effect in terms of the osteoporosis development. Although higher mechanical load on bones in obese people increases bone mass density, inflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue, on the contrary, increase bone resorption. The reduction of body weight itself can contribute to the deterioration of the quality of bone mass. Aim: The main aim of the study was to evaluate changes in BMD and selected parameters of body composition during a 2-month strict very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and a subsequent 4-month low-calorie diet (LCD) in premenopausal women with obesity. Methods: The study was carried out at the workplaces of the III. Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague. Data were collected in the period from April 2021 to May 2023. 11 patients participated in the study with dietary intervention, data was processed from 10 of them. The average age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years, the average weight was 94 ± 10.4 kg. The control group consisted of 14 patients, 10 of them were included in the study. The average age in the control group was 40.7 ± 6.4 years, the average weight was 64.4 ± 7.5 kg. Patients of the intervention group were given a very low-calorie diet with...
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